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1.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 52(1): 29-43, ene.-abr. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-735306

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la enfermedad hemorroidal constituye un problema de salud mundial y Cuba; sin embargo, la literatura no recoge información epidemiológica sobre la población cubana. Por lo que este trabajo caracteriza la enfermedad hemorroidal aguda en hospitales cubanos seleccionados, con particular énfasis en los factores de riesgo que favorecen su aparición. Objetivos: identificar los principales factores de riesgo, sus características demográficas y de base; hábitos tóxicos y alimenticios, así como modos y estilos de vida, que favorecen la aparición de una enfermedad hemorroidal aguda. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en 11 servicios cubanos de Coloproctología. Se incluyeron 510 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad hemorroidal aguda, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 75 años, que dieron su consentimiento de participación en el estudio. A todos los pacientes se les aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica que indagaba acerca de los hábitos tóxicos y alimenticios, así como modos y estilos de vida, los cuales son reconocidos como factores de riesgo para la aparición de la enfermedad. Resultados: casi el 75 por ciento de los pacientes comenzó con la enfermedad. Predominaron las hemorroides externas y los signos y síntomas más frecuentes fueron el dolor anal, la sensación de masa, el edema y el sangramiento rectal. La mitad de los pacientes ingiere bebidas alcohólicas y la mayoría consume café, alimentos condimentados y requiere una posición erecta o permanecer sentado durante largos períodos de tiempo, para sus actividades cotidianas. Pocos pacientes consumen altos contenidos de fibras en la dieta, así como abundante agua. Conclusiones: se corrobora la presencia de factores de riesgo e inadecuados modos y estilos de vida en la población cubana que facilitan o propician la aparición de un episodio agudo hemorroidal(AU)


Introduction: hemorrhoidal disease is a global health problem. In Cuba, however, epidemiological data about the population is not available in the literature on the subject. That is the reason why the present paper is aimed at characterizing acute hemorrhoidal disease in selected Cuban hospitals, with particular emphasis on the risk factors leading to its appearance. Objectives: identify the main risk factors, demographic and base features, toxic and eating habits, and life styles and modes, leading to the appearance of acute hemorrhoidal disease. Methods: an observational descriptive study was conducted in 11 Cuban coloproctology services. The sample consisted of 510 patients aged 18-75 diagnosed with acute hemorrhoidal disease, who gave their consent to participate in the study. All patients were given an epidemiological survey about toxic and eating habits, and life styles and modes perceived as risk factors for the disease. Results: almost 75 percent of the patients developed the disease. There was a predominance of external hemorrhoids, and the most common signs and symptoms were anal pain, mass sensation, edema and rectal bleeding. Half the patients consume alcohol and most drink coffee, eat spicy foods and must remain in a standing or sitting position for long periods during their daily activities. Few patients consume a fiber-rich diet and abundant water. Conclusions: corroboration was made of the presence of risk factors and inadequate life styles and modes among the Cuban population which lead to the occurrence of acute hemorrhoidal episodes(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Hemorrhoids/epidemiology , Life Style/ethnology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Study , Hemorrhoids/diagnosis , Hospitals/standards
2.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 80(3)jul.-sept. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-505519

ABSTRACT

La linfadenitis supurada es una complicación poco frecuente que sigue a la vacunación con bacilo de Calmette-Guerin. Se describen los casos de dos niños con reacciones adversas graves inducidas por esta vacuna, en ambos casos, linfadenitis regional supurada y abscedada, un mes después de nacidos. Después de cursos infructuosos de cirugía y quimioterapia, ambos recibieron interferón gamma recombinante por vía intramuscular, en una dosis inicial de 50 000 UI/kg (máximo: 1 000 000 UI), diariamente durante las primeras 4 semanas, y se disminuyó luego la frecuencia de administración. Esta citoquina fue bien tolerada, solo se presentaron complicaciones con fiebre, que fueron controladas bien con antipiréticos. El interferón gamma recombinante puede constituir una nueva y efectiva alternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de la linfadenitis supurada causada por este bacilo.


Suppurative lymphadenitis is a non frequent complication following Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Two paediatric patients with adverse reactions induced by the BCG vaccine are presented, both with suppurative and abscessed regional lymphadenitis, one month after birth. After failed courses of surgery and chemotherapy, they were treated with 50 000 IU/Kg (maximum: 1 000 000 IU) of recombinant interferon (IFN) gamma, intramuscularly, daily during 4 weeks and 3 or 2 tpw afterwards. The first case, a nursing girl with family history of tuberculosis, had a rapid involution of the lesions since the first month of treatment, with drainage ceasing and gradual disappearance of the inflammatory signs. At the end of the 6 months of treatment, residues of the lesions were imperceptible and new adenopathies or relapses were not detected during 4 years of follow up. The second case, a boy without family history of tuberculosis, presented more lesions. The signs of marked improvement were observed in the whole affected region one year after IFN gamma started. Their treatment was extended for almost 2 years, when the scars took the normal skin pigmentation. The cytokine was well tolerated; few febrile events were recorded, well-controlled with antipyretics. We can conclude that IFN gamma could be a new effective therapeutic alternative for the treatment of the suppurated lymphadenitis caused by BCG vaccination.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Interferon-gamma/therapeutic use , Lymphadenitis/complications , BCG Vaccine/adverse effects , Case Reports
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